![]() ![]() ![]() Roux I, Safieddine S, Nouvian R, Grati M, Simmler MC, Bahloul A, Perfettini I, Le Gall M, Rostaing P, Hamard G, Triller A, Avan P, Moser T, Petit C (2006) Otoferlin, defective in a human deafness form, is essential for exocytosis at the auditory ribbon synapse. Goutman JD, Glowatzki E (2007) Time course and calcium dependence of transmitter release at a single ribbon synapse. Glowatzki E, Fuchs PA (2002) Transmitter release at the hair cell ribbon synapse. Nouvian R, Beutner D, Parsons TD, Moser T (2006) Structure and function of the hair cell ribbon synapse. Pfeiffer RR, Kim DO (1975) Cochlear nerve fiber responses: distribution along the cochlear partition. Johnson DH (1980) The relationship between spike rate and synchrony in responses of auditory-nerve fibers to single tones. New York, Berlin, Hiedelberg, Springer-Verlag, pp 34–93 Its main job is to gather sounds and funnel them to the ear canal, which is the pathway that leads to the middle ear. Its made of tough cartilage covered by skin. The pinna is the part of the ear you see on the side of your head. In: Popper AN, Fay, RR (eds) The mammmalian auditory pathway: neuroanatomy. The outer ear is made up of the pinna also called the auricle (say: OR-ih-kul) and the ear canal. Ruggero MA (1992) Physiology and coding of sound in the auditory nerve. ![]() Ear Hear 27:589–607ĭelano PH, Elgueda D, Hamame CM, Robles L (2007) Selective attention to visual stimuli reduces cochlear sensitivity in chinchillas. Guinan JJ (2006) Olivocochlear efferents: anatomy, physiology, function, and the measurement of efferent effects in humans. New York, Berlin, Hiedelberg, Springer-Verlag, pp 23–65 In: Webster DB, Popper AN, Fay RR (eds) The mammmalian auditory pathway: neuroanatomy. The ear can be separated into multiple sections. Ryugo DK (1992) The auditory nerve: peripheral innervation, cell body morphology, and central projections. Sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) or nerve deafness can be defined as a type of hearing impairment that is caused due to dysfunction of the sensory receptors present in the inner ear. ![]()
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